People around the world are faced with a growing problem — how to gain more from possessing less. Industrial design, a design practice aimed at enhancing the value and experience felt by the consumer, attempts to solve this issue by offering simplified design solutions to otherwise complex ideas.

How does one provide simplicity to complexity? It may sound like an oxymoron, but many of the simplistic resources we engage with are often quite complicated, and vice versa. The key point to understand is that, although a problem may appear quite complex, a simple solution may be more viable. Although simplistic solutions may involve some complexities, the goal is to provide a comprehensive solution in the most direct and accommodating way possible.

Now more than ever, the importance of simplifying complexity via strategic industrial design is key to improving our quality of living. To combat this issue, industrial designers need to evaluate the merits of minimalism and maximalism to discover which approach will adequately facilitate the lifestyle needs of millions.

MINIMALISM VS. MAXIMALISM

Some people believe that less is more, while others insist that more is more. These two contrasting points of view describe minimalism versus maximalism. Most people understand minimalism as simple, organized, clean and straightforward. Maximalism, on the other hand, is quite the opposite. Though these designs are deliberate and appear controlled, maximalism design is also extravagant, bold, customized and imaginative. When it comes to industrial design and architecture, minimalism and maximalism each have their merits. Depending on the space, the maximalism design approach can be excitingly integrated.

Although minimalism is simple, that doesn't mean that complexity defines maximalism. In many ways, minimalist elements may also be considered "complex" by design. Maximalist designs are more eclectic but do not necessarily rely on quantity over quality. Maximalism is not clearly defined in industrial design and architecture but commonly features shapes and spaces that dissolve into each other to create ambivalence. The objects or structures within the design lose singular meaning and blend to become one with their surroundings.

For some, a maximalist design may be attractive. However, the compounded content present in these designs often appears too complex for others who seek a less stimulating and immersive setting. Maximalism is significantly different than minimalism and requires an immense level of detail that may remove or overpower elements of simplicity.

MINIMALIST INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

If maximalism is often "too much," how does minimalism achieve a feeling of "less is more?" The minimalist movement in industrial design and architecture isn't focused on stripping an idea or concept down to its bare-bones until it can appropriately function with the least number of components necessary. Instead, minimalism design approaches the product or space intending to eliminate aspects or elements that may be distracting, unnecessary or overly complex. It attempts to create a better solution using fewer resources.

Minimalism was conceptualized in the art world of the 1960s as a way to display creations with limited symbolism or emotional context. Unlike abstract expressionism, which was designed to evoke feelings, minimalist art focused on the conventional aesthetic appeal of the piece itself. This art form took influence from the Cubism architecture design movement of the 1920s. Cubism architecture was influenced by traditional Japanese architecture in the mid-century and became known as minimalism architecture.

Minimalist architecture designs often attempt to achieve order and harmony between nature and human-made structures. It's often characterized by simple arrangements, balanced interior and exterior spaces and uses only essential, industrial materials. Clean lines, less clutter, reduced forms and subtle complexities are also present in minimalism architectural designs.

SIMPLIFYING COMPLEXITY USING INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

Complexity is inherent in many of the ways we work and live. However, it's possible to simplify the way we interact and engage with our world. The concept of simplifying complexity seeks to find the most innovative ways to enhance and streamline daily life. Technology, for example, can be integrated to provide simplicity in the workplace and the home.

Industrial designers change lives by simplifying complexity for minimalist lifestyles. Minimalist industrial design and minimalism in architecture are revolutionizing the way people live. By creating furnishings, products and living spaces that blend essential amenities with aesthetic allure, minimalist industrial designers help others simplify the complexities in their day-to-day lives.

MINIMALISM IN ARCHITECTURE

Minimalism in architecture has evolved over the last century. Influenced by cultural and artistic design characteristics, the minimalist architecture seen today is another chapter in a movement that seeks to embrace simplification. Over the last century, many design movements evolved and integrated to create clean and straightforward structures that define minimalist architecture.

De Stijl Movement: This artistic movement spanned three decades in the early 1900's Netherlands. Referred to as neoplasticism, its characteristics included primary coloring and simplified visual compositions such as horizontal and vertical lines. These elements helped build the foundation for minimalism.

De Stijl Movement, Red Blue Chair by Gerrit Rietveld, Piet Mondrian Art Print, Sabine Marcelis 3D modern reinterpretation of De Stijl

"Less is More": Regarded as a father of modern architecture as well as an important figure in the minimalism movement, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe designed structures with simplicity and clarity. Open spaces, modern construction materials and minimal structural framework were trademarks of his creations.

Traditional Japanese Design: Simplicity is valued within Japanese culture and is displayed through their use of natural and sustainable elements. Natural light, natural ventilation and flexible spaces were hallmarks of this design, as well as an absence of traditional doors and walls for climate control.

Neo-Minimalism: Also known as neo-geo architecture, neo-minimalism was coined in the 1980s to describe the minimalist artwork that connected with viewers on a psychological, social and political level. Neo-minimalism in architecture embraces the values of traditional minimalism but expands the range of shapes and colors it uses.

Neo Minimalism in architecture, graphic design and fine arts

When observing minimalism in architecture, there are five characteristics that most homes and buildings share:

1. These structures are basic yet efficient. Their design is straightforward, providing simplicity in form and function. The layout is uncomplicated and open, emphasizing natural light.

2. Their exteriors often use cladding and wall finishes that create aesthetic appeal.

3. The interior spaces of these buildings feel organized and accessible. They are clean, open and often filled with daylight.

4. The simple detailing of these interiors complements the minimalist design. Decoration is minimized, including functional elements like knobs or pulls on cabinetry. Instead, a reveal is used to open and close these furnishings.

5. Character is just as important to minimalism in architecture as it is in traditional structures. Industrial designers strategically incorporate natural or natural-looking materials to add elements of texture, personality and visual appeal.

Modern minimalist architecture is all around us. Although the micro-apartment and tiny house movement is a fascinating way of showcasing the complexity of simplicity, many large skyscrapers also reflect the principles of minimalist design. As shown in its continued development, simple minimalist structures can be just as beautiful and appealing as more elaborate or decorated buildings. Alone they are efficient and functional, but when grouped with other designs, they can stand out with power and poise.

MINIMALISM LIFESTYLES

Minimalism in architecture is just one way in which simplification integrates into everyday life. Nearly any feature or function of society can possess minimalist qualities. Because so many people move toward a minimalist lifestyle, it's crucial that industrial designers create products that blend with this way of life.

Technology: Some pieces of minimalist technology are physically smaller, such as Wi-Fi hotspots or portable charging devices that fit in your pocket. Other products embody the minimalist essence by helping you minimize clutter. These devices allow you to compile physical objects like notes, books, media, maps and calendars into digital data. By storing items like DVDs and magazines in a digital space, less physical storage space is required. Smart tech can also enhance minimalism lifestyles through apps that help attain minimalism on your smartphone.

Sustainability: Minimalism and sustainability often go hand in hand. Industrial designers catering to this lifestyle create eco-friendly products, made from sustainable resources or can be reused or recycled to limit waste. Some designers also choose to conduct other aspects of their design business in a way that decreases environmental impact.

Homes: The rise of tiny houses and micro apartments includes an increase in products and furnishings for these spaces that blend with a minimalist lifestyle. Multipurpose or hidden furniture creates space on demand while smaller-sized yet fully efficient appliances offer these homes necessary amenities that take up limited square-footage. Many of these spaces are also built with minimalist design principles in mind such as open spaces, natural lighting and minimal decoration.

With more millennials choosing to live a minimalist lifestyle, it's no surprise that industrial designers are continuing to create technology that provides a simple, streamlined experience. Technology and sustainability are also priorities for those living in micro homes, encouraging designers to maximize efficiency while minimizing size. Smart tech and devices, sustainable products and minimalist-designed homes are three innovations that change the way people live their lives, whether they adopt a minimalist lifestyle or not.

DESIGN MASTERS OF MINIMALISM

There are dozens of industrial designers that have helped mold the world with their minimalist approaches to architecture and product design. Many of these individuals were also skilled or learned in the ways of art and interior design, enabling them to bring to life ideas that transcend disciplines. From city skyscrapers and luxurious landmarks to stylish furniture and everyday technology products, the following are four famous industrial designers that changed minimalist industrial design:

Jonathan Ive: One of the most influential designers of the modern age, Jonathan Ive is a former chief design officer of Apple. His contributions to the company helped shape the face of modern tech. His designs were used for the iMac, iPod, iPhone and iPad. By continually trying to make these creations slimmer, smaller and more colorful, Ive and Apple redefined what minimalism meant for technology and how the consumer uses these products in daily life.

Oki Sato a.k.a Nendo: Japanese designer Oki Sato and his studio Nendo is a key name in minimalist design. Instead of following the rules of one design discipline, Sato incorporates other genre-specific elements into his creations such as those found in architectural, industrial and interior design. His creations aren't limited to specific industries or products either. He brings his minimalist approach to designing furniture, enhancing products and innovating spaces.

John Pawson: Although he is known for his minimalist architecture, John Pawson is not a registered architect. However, he continues to provide minimalist designs for houses, apartments, churches and other buildings around the world. His minimalist aesthetic changes the way we view space and can be seen in significant contexts including major retail stores like Calvin Klein, the Medina House, the Sackler Crossing and the Novy Dvur Monastery.

Tokujin Yoshioka: An artist and designer, Tokujin Yoshioka blends immaterial elements like light with nature to create harmonious minimalistic installations, products and furniture. His focus on natural light has inspired him to use glass to develop transparent or reflective pieces. Many of his creations also mimic the appearance of objects occurring in nature, such as the textures and colors of stone and ice.

Another industrial designer worth noting is Dieter Rams, a German industrial designer most famous for his work with consumer products via the Braun company. He created ten principles that he believes define every good design. These designs must be:

1. Innovative

2. Useful

3. Aesthetically Pleasing

4. Understandable

5. Unobtrusive

6. Honest

7. Long-Lasting

8. Thoroughly Examined

9. Environmentally Friendly

10. Produced Using As Little Design As Possible

Looking at these ten design principles, it's easy to see how and why minimalist industrial designers attempt to simplify complexity. Designers like Jony Ive made a sophisticated computer system not only simple to understand and operate, but also unobtrusive and aesthetically appealing. Many elements of minimalist lifestyles, including micro apartments and tiny houses, are also designed with these ten principles in mind to simplify living in a small space.

SIMPLIFYING COMPLEXITY THROUGH INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

"Make things simple, but not simpler." — Albert Einstein

Simplifying complexity is an important goal for minimalist industrial designers. Although the principles of minimalism encourage the designer to strip away unnecessary elements that distract or obstruct, the needs and desires of consumers often grow in complexity. Technology, for example, continues to advance as industrial designers must find new ways of providing a full range of functionality to a product that is simple and easy to use. Minimalism in design is critical to achieving a streamlined solution that uses less but still delivers the intended experience.

Skyscrapers, sofas and anything in between can possess minimalist elements. Minimalism in architecture and in industrial design share the same goal — to provide more with less. At Y Studios, we're mesmerized by the complexity of simplicity and how it integrates into our daily lives. As we discover the unique ways society interacts with the world, we're inspired to simplify complexity and embrace elements of the minimalism lifestyle. Connect with us today and see how our culture-driven design approach creates simplified solutions for our everyday life.